Since 2011, Estonia has two parallel systems for the taxation of private individuals’ investment income:
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the ordinary system (if you only use a securities account), under which all securities sales transactions must be reported;
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the investment account system (if you use a securities account and a current account designated for investing), under which only cash deposits and withdrawals made on the account must be reported.
You can also declare income from securities under both systems.
If you use the ordinary system, all securities sales transactions made during the year will be declared.
Income tax liability arises when you have made a profit on all your sales. Income tax must be paid under the tax return to
be submitted in the following year (e.g. on the profit from the sale made in 2025, income tax must be paid on the basis of
a return to be submitted in 2026). However, if you make a loss for the year, you can carry it over to the next year. Under
the ordinary system, you can deduct service fees from the realised income, but not administration fees.
When you use the investment account system you declare deposits and withdrawals of funds made to a bank
account designated as the investment account, not the securities transactions. You can also use several investment accounts
with several banks at the same time. A tax liability only arises if the total of the payouts made from all investment
accounts exceeds the total of the contributions made to all investment accounts.
Generally, profit or loss can arise in two ways.
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When selling securities:
Profit or loss = sales price – cost of sales – acquisition cost
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When exchanging securities:
Profit or loss = acquisition cost of the security to be exchanged – market price of the security received upon exchange
The acquisition cost is considered to be all documented costs incurred by the investor to acquire the asset.
The FIFO method (first bought is sold first) or the weighted average method is used to calculate the acquisition cost of
securities of the same name acquired at different prices and at different times. Losses on securities of the same or previous
years can be deducted from the profit from a securities transaction. Losses can be carried forward indefinitely, but cannot
be inherited, given as a gift, sold, etc.
No, you do not have to declare these exchanges or pay income tax when making the switch.
You invest in the investment account system
If you started using the investment account in 2025 and have made transactions in Nasdaq Baltic using your investment account, the data in the declaration under sections 6.1 (Estonia) and 8.2 (Latvia, Lithuania) is pre-filled and you need to erase that.
New! If you have previously (2024 or ealier) declared your investment account at the Tax and Customs Board, and you have also made transactions from this same investment account in 2025 with Nasdaq Baltic stocks or bonds, those transactions are no longer pre-filled in section 6.1 and 8.2. This new rule applies starting from tax declaration 2025.
Important! In your investment account report, all the buy and sell transactions must be marked as transactions with financial assets.
You invest using only the securities account
If you have made transactions in Nasdaq Baltic you will have sections 6.1 (Estonia) and 8.2 (Latvia, Lithuania) pre-filled in your declaration. You just need to add the buy-fee.
An investment account is a current account used exclusively for investments and transactions with financial assets.
If you happen to make a single transfer from your investment account, for example, when paying online, there is nothing to
worry about. When completing the investment account report in the future, mark this transaction as just a payout. If, for
example, someone accidentally transfers funds to your investment account, mark it as a contribution in the investment
account report. The report must normally be sent to the Tax and Customs Board during the income declaration period. In
the future, just try to be more attentive.
Everything is okay, you can send the investment account report also afterwards. To do this, please contact the Tax and Customs Board.
Unfortunately, you can no longer change it. For help, contact us by calling +372 613 1606 (weekdays from 9.00-17.00).
An investor can have several securities accounts with the same bank or with different banks.
If you use an investment account with a securities account, fill in the investment account report in each bank separately
and submit it to the Tax and Customs Board.
If you only use a securities account, these transactions will be recorded in the Tax and Customs Board’s tax return under
sections 6.1 and 8.2. In this case, make sure that the transactions made with all banks are recorded correctly.
In case you have received dividends or interest, do not forget to fill in sections 5.1, 7.1, 8.1, and 8.8.